Strait of Hormuz map Persian Gulf
The Strait of Hormuz and Persian Gulf — now under threat of an Iranian maritime exclusion zone. Photo: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons

Iran is finalizing plans to declare a Maritime Exclusion Zone stretching across the Persian Gulf from the U.S. Navy's existing blockade line — a move that would formally codify Tehran's claim to control a vast swath of Gulf waters and place any vessel transiting the zone on an Iranian sanctions list. Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, outlined the zone on state television and issued explicit threats via X on Tuesday.

"In recent days, Washington has received a clear warning from Iran's new missiles," Rezaei wrote. "Economic warfare will be met by a maritime exclusion zone across the Persian Gulf to the blockade perimeter. The operational posture toward U.S. warships and bases has been fundamentally recalibrated." The zone would extend from the U.S. naval blockade perimeter and encompass both the Strait of Hormuz and broad areas of the Persian Gulf, according to Rezaei's remarks on the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.

Rezaei's reference to "new missiles" pointed to the Qassem Basir — a ballistic missile Iranian state media reported was fired at U.S. warships near the Strait of Hormuz over the weekend. The U.S. military said its warships successfully evaded the attack. Iran has touted the Qassem Basir as an upgraded weapon with improved manoeuvrability and a guidance system specifically engineered to defeat American electronic warfare systems.

The exclusion zone threat arrives against a backdrop of escalating pressure across the Gulf. On Saturday, U.S. forces struck three Iranian oil tankers in the latest round of tit-for-tat exchanges. Iran retaliated by firing the Qassem Basir. The Houthis — acting as Tehran's proxy in the southwest — simultaneously launched large-scale attacks on Saudi energy infrastructure Tuesday, wounding 73 people and igniting fires at multiple oil facilities.

Commodity vessel traffic through the Strait of Hormuz dropped to approximately 10 ships per day over the past ten days — the lowest level since May, and a fraction of the pre-war throughput that once carried roughly one-fifth of the world's oil and LNG. Iran's parallel strategy of legal designation and military threat aims to deter shipping companies from testing the blockade even in the absence of direct strikes.

Iran is also preparing maps of a new designated shipping corridor through the Strait of Hormuz, to be released in the coming days. The combination — a formal exclusion zone, a redesignated corridor, and the Qassem Basir missile capability — represents an attempt by Tehran to establish de facto control over Persian Gulf navigation rules, rather than simply contesting the U.S. blockade.

The conflict began six months ago with U.S. and Israeli strikes on February 28. President Trump has stated his objectives include ending Iran's nuclear program and curtailing its capacity to strike neighboring states. Tehran continues to insist it will not enter negotiations while under military pressure.

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